South Korea lays out US$470 billion plan to build chipmaking hub

It is pledged to protect a linchpin of its economy while grappling with rising global competition. As Japan and Taiwan aggressively invest in their own chip sectors, the South Korean government is committing to extending big tax breaks to local chip firms.

As part of the two-decade plan, Samsung and Hynix are set to build their most sophisticated chip plants at home. Samsung’s betting big on foundry – or making chips for other firms – as part of a 500 trillion won investment by 2047. Smaller rival Hynix aims to invest 122 trillion won in memory in Yongin over the same period.

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The government said the region will also house smaller chip design and materials companies. The overarching ambition is to improve the country’s self-sufficiency in semiconductors, while increasing its market share of global logic chip production to 10 per cent by 2030 from 3 per cent now.

The industry ministry said it would ensure the new mega cluster would be supplied with enough electricity and water for operation and benefit from new tax exemptions for certain key chip technologies.

Pangyo, where fabless firms are now concentrated, will be the hub of low-powered, high-performance AI chips. Suwon will be a central test bed for compound semiconductors, while Pyeongtaek will see a new semiconductor R&D centre at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology’s new campus to be completed by 2029.

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“Nuclear power plants in the country will provide stable power supplies to the new chip cluster,” President Yoon Suk-yeol said at a town hall meeting announcing the government’s plans at Sungkyunkwan University’s Natural Science Campus in Suwon. “We are already witnessing overseas investment firms flocking in to explore potential business opportunities associated with the emerging chip cluster. This trend represents a continuation of last year’s record-breaking influx of foreign investments into the country.”

The construction of new fabs inside the new mega cluster will create jobs for 70,000 experts as well as 40,000 new positions at companies supplying parts and materials. Taking into account additional job creation effects from the cluster, the industry ministry said the project would generate employment opportunities for 3.46 million people.

“We will make efforts to see outbound shipments of semiconductors, the country’s No. 1 export, reach US$120 billion this year,” Minister of Trade, Industry and Energy Ahn Duk-geun said. “The new mega cluster’s success will further spread to other parts of the nation and become the world’s leading chip hub.”