Australia and Vietnam upgrade relations to highest level amid US-China rivalry

The partnership will support expanded cooperation on a range of issues, including climate, environment, energy, defence and security, and economic engagement and education, a joint statement by the two countries said.

Australia is a major producer of critical minerals, used in everything from smartphones to automobiles, while Vietnam has some of the largest untapped deposits in the world.

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“An annual ministerial dialogue on energy and minerals will drive cooperation in our energy and resources sectors, including critical minerals supply chains,” the statement said.

The United States has already agreed to boost cooperation on rare earths with Vietnam, whose resources are seen as an alternative source of the minerals. China has the world’s largest deposits, with 44 million tonnes estimated, and dominates the extraction and processing of the critical minerals.

Communist Party-ruled Vietnam’s “bamboo diplomacy” saw it boost relations last year with the world’s top powers as it tries to navigate rising global tensions. Along with Australia, the Southeast Asian nation’s top partners now include the United States, China, India, South Korea, Japan and Russia.