US issues executive order to keep Americans’ sensitive personal data safe from ‘countries of concern’

Countries such as China and Russia “are leveraging their access to Americans’ bulk sensitive personal data and government-related data to engage in a variety of nefarious activities, including malicious cyber-enabled activities, espionage and blackmail,” he continued.

A senior Justice Department official identified China, Russia, North Korea, Iran, Cuba and Venezuela as countries that are likely to be targeted by rules resulting from Wednesday’s executive action.

Wednesday’s order will mark the first time the US has restricted the transfer of data to specific locations.

It focuses on tackling the legal means by which foreign adversaries gain access to Americans’ “most personal and sensitive information”.

These methods include “countries of concern” requiring organisations operating in their jurisdictions to hand over data.

They also include obtaining information through commercial channels, such as data brokers, third-party vendor agreements, employment agreements or investment agreements.

The planned restrictions are likely to alter US engagement with Chinese companies, from TikTok, a video-sharing app owned by Chinese tech giant ByteDance, to biotech firms that collect DNA.

Critics of American restrictions on TikTok, for instance, have argued Beijing would not have to rely on asking Chinese companies or subsidiaries to hand over data as they can simply buy data from brokers.

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But the new executive order would make it more difficult for brokers to be enlisted.

Aside from government targets, the White House is particularly concerned about data from journalists, academics, activists and members of marginalised communities, as well as patient data obtained through healthcare providers and researchers.

Many Chinese companies are licensed to perform genetic testing or whole genome sequencing on patients in the American healthcare system, according to a 2021 report by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

Last month a bipartisan group of legislators introduced a bill to block one of China’s biggest genomics firms from operating in the US.

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Rules resulting from the executive order are likely to focus the most stringent restrictions on transactions related to data brokerage and genomic data, according to the Justice Department official.

Some observers worry the order could impede commercial activity and scientific research.

According to the Justice Department official, the rule-making process will consider exemptions to limit unintended adverse impacts.

This will include carve-outs for activities that are routine to processing financial transactions and to ordinary business operations within multinational companies, such as payroll, he said.

Officials speaking on background stressed that the executive order would only be implemented after multiple rounds of public consultation.

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