A clash at the border between Israel and Lebanon adds to fears of a multi-front battle.

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In messages with The New York Times, family members of the woman identified her as Shiri Silverman Bibas, and her sons as Ariel, 4, and Kfir, 9 months.

Ms. Bibas’s husband, Yarden Bibas, and her parents, Yossi Silberman, 67, and Margit Silberman, 64, are also missing, according to Ms. Bibas’s sister, Dana Sitton. Ms. Silberman has Parkinson’s disease, Ms. Sitton said.

Mr. Al-Najjar, a freelance reporter who posted the footage to social media, initially entered Israel through a breach in the fence along the perimeter with Gaza. He said it was the first time he had ever left Gaza in his life, because of the blockade imposed by Israel and backed by Egypt that restricts movement in and out of the enclave.

In an interview, he provided a window into how some members of the large, loose-knit group of men he saw moving on Nir Oz seemed more organized, carrying weapons and wearing military-style gear. Others appeared to be tagging along as onlookers.

In the video below, he captured fleeting glimpses of men en route to Nir Oz riding in carts with guns, or walking unarmed in civilian clothes and sandals.

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When Mr. Al-Najjar arrived at Nir Oz, he appeared on camera describing a chaotic scene while what appeared to be gunfire rang out nearby.

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As Mr. Al-Najjar was filming the abductions, he said he tried to offer consolation.

“I wanted to tell a woman who was captured with children, ‘Be calm and patient,’” Al-Najjar told The New York Times. “But I realized I didn’t speak her language.”

Ms. Sitton, Ms. Bibas’s sister, expressed the wrenching pain of waiting to hear news about the fate of the family.

“I don’t know if Shiri has bottles, diapers and baby food for the baby, Kfir. I don’t know how she is feeding him,” Ms. Sitton said. “I can’t sleep, can’t eat just thinking about them. How do they treat them?”

Several other residents of Nir Oz were apparently kidnapped as well, including a man identified by residents as Gadi Mozes, who was photographed by Mr. Al-Najjar.

Mr. Al-Najjar said that as he was leaving Nir Oz, he saw at least two gunman whose faces he recognized lying dead in a field, and he thought there were likely others.

“There are dozens missing there, as well as dead and injured,” Mr. Al-Najjar said. “No one knows how many.”

Additional production by Meg Felling.

Palestinian Islamic Jihad, an armed group based in Gaza that has in the past been accused of attacking from Lebanon, claimed responsibility for the attack on northern Israel. The Israeli Defense Forces said that the attackers fired mortar shells and entered Israeli territory, and that two of the attackers had been killed and one had escaped back into Lebanon.

The I.D.F. said that Israeli forces backed by helicopters had responded to the incursion. It also said that its aircraft had struck three military posts belonging to Hezbollah, the armed Lebanese Shiite organization that fought a war with Israel in 2006. Hezbollah confirmed on Monday evening that threes of its fighters had been killed in Israeli shelling, according to a statement released by Al Manar, the Hezbollah-owned Lebanese broadcaster. In response to the deaths, Hezbollah later said it had carried out attacks on two Israeli military barracks, using guided missiles and mortars.

An Israeli army spokesperson confirmed that Israeli soldiers had been injured in the clashes earlier Monday, but did not specify the number.

On Sunday, Hezbollah attacked three Israeli posts with artillery shells and rockets targeting the Shebaa Farms area, land it considers to be occupied Lebanese territory. The Israel Defense Forces responded at the time with artillery fire and drone strikes.

Hamas, the Palestinian faction that controls Gaza, called on armed groups in Lebanon to join in its attack on Israel on Saturday. Palestinian Islamic Jihad, which was already fighting alongside Hamas in that attack, has a sizable presence in Lebanon as well as Gaza.

According to the United Nations, Lebanon is home to around 250,000 Palestinians, either refugees forced to flee their homes in 1948 when the state of Israel was established or their descendants.

After the fighting broke out on Monday, Israel’s Home Front Command ordered the residents of 28 towns and villages close to Lebanon’s border to enter bomb shelters, citing “a large-scale offensive.” They were told to take food, water and sleeping materials, indicating that they might need to stay in hiding for some time.

U.N peacekeeping forces in southern Lebanon urged calm. Andrea Tenenti, the spokesman for the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, or UNIFIL, said both sides needed to exercise “maximum restraint” in order to “prevent further escalation and loss of life.”

Hwaida Saad contributed reporting.

The U.S. official confirmed that the request for munitions, including small-diameter bombs as well as more interceptors for the Iron Dome system, was in the process of being worked on. The official spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss internal deliberations.

The Pentagon also announced on Sunday that it would move the aircraft carrier Gerald R. Ford and five battle ships to the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, near Israel. The ships were already in the Mediterranean, and moving them closer to Israel was intended to deter Iran, Syria and any country or militant group from joining the conflict, as well as to provide enough ships, warplanes and other weaponry to protect Americans and American interests in the region.

The United States already provides Israel more than $3 billion in military assistance every year, and Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken said on Sunday that much of the equipment from that funding was already “in the pipeline” to be sent to Israel.

How many hostages are there?

The Israeli authorities have not yet publicly provided specific details about the number or identities of the kidnapped victims, but military officials have said they included older people and children. Most were captured from small Israeli border towns on Saturday morning.

At least 150 Israelis were taken hostage by Palestinian assailants, according to a preliminary assessment shared by one senior Israeli military official. Officials from the United States, France and several other countries have said they were looking into reports that their citizens may be among the captives.

Who are they?

Most information about those who may have been taken hostage has come from people searching for their missing relatives and friends.

Some appear to have been taken from their homes in the Israeli border communities that were overrun by Palestinian gunmen on Saturday. Others appear to have been seized from a wooded area near the border where they had spent the night at a festival.

Distraught and fearful, their relatives have turned to news organizations and social media platforms, sharing photographs of those who are missing and sharing videos online to solicit clues.

Where are they being held?

Abu Obeida, a spokesman for Hamas’s armed wing, claimed in a statement on the Telegram app that it had hidden “dozens of hostages” in “safe places and the tunnels of the resistance.”

The militant group is said to use an underground network of defensive tunnels — called the Hamas “metro” system by the Israeli military — to travel undetected, and move weapons. The military has described the network as a “city beneath the city,” much of it under civilian infrastructure.

On Monday, Hamas’s armed wing, the Qassam Brigades, said that four Israelis being held by the militants were killed in Israeli bombardment overnight, along with the Palestinians holding them captive. The claim could not be independently verified.

How is Israel responding?

Amid widespread criticism about the lack of reliable information on the hostages, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel on Sunday announced the appointment of Gal Hirsch, a retired general, as coordinator for the captives and missing.

The military and the police also opened a joint center for families to register missing relatives, asking them to bring photos and items from which they can gather DNA samples.

What happens next?

The seizure of so many hostages suggests that Hamas may want to hold them as bargaining chips for a prisoner swap, and possibly to use them as human shields as Israel strikes back in Gaza.

On Monday evening, Mr. Obeida threatened to execute a civilian hostage every time an Israeli airstrike hits Gazans “in their homes without warning.”

Thousands of Palestinians are being held in Israeli prisons, many of them convicted of security offenses or involvement in terrorism. Muhammad Deif, the leader of Hamas’s military wing, cited the detention of thousands of Palestinian militants in Israeli jails as one of the reasons for Saturday’s assault.

How have past hostage crises been resolved?

The issue of Israelis in captivity is a deeply emotional one in Israel, with the government having paid a high price in the past for the return of its citizens or of the remains of soldiers in lopsided prisoner exchange deals.

In 2006, Gaza militants seized an Israeli soldier, Gilad Shalit, and Hamas held him for five years, until he was exchanged for more than 1,000 Palestinian prisoners, many of them convicted of deadly terrorist attacks against Israelis. Hamas has also been holding the remains of two Israeli soldiers killed in a 2014 war as well as two Israeli civilians who entered Gaza that year by foot and are believed to be alive.

Israel’s monthlong war against Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shiite militant organization, in 2006 also began with a cross-border raid by Hezbollah and the abduction of two Israeli soldiers. The remains of the two soldiers were returned to Israel in 2008 as part of a prisoner exchange in which Israel handed over five Lebanese prisoners, including Samir Kuntar, who had been held for nearly three decades after being convicted in connection with a notorious attack.

The announcement by Defense Minister Yoav Gallant that Gaza would receive “no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel” has led aid agencies to warn of a worsening humanitarian crisis.

Under the longstanding blockade, the densely populated strip, with more than two million residents, nearly half of whom are under 18 years old, faces severe restrictions on the movements of goods and people.

Most commodities in Gaza, from foodstuffs to construction supplies, are imported from Israel through official border crossings, according to the United Nations. Gaza gets most of its electricity via Israeli power lines, and produces some at a power plant in Gaza with fuel imported from Israel. It receives a smaller number of goods through its much shorter border with Egypt.

Electricity shortages are chronic, with power often available for only 12 to 15 hours per day. That undermines health services, water pumping and purification and the area’s fragile economy, aid workers say.

Movement of people in and out of Gaza was heavily restricted before the attacks, with Israel and Egypt granting small numbers of people permission to travel, mostly for work or medical care.

On Saturday, after Palestinian gunmen began their assault inside Israel, the Israeli authorities stopped supplying electricity, leaving Gaza’s residents with only about three or four hours of power per day, according to the United Nations’ humanitarian office, which said Gaza’s power plant might soon run out of fuel.

Now, Israel has closed both of its crossings with Gaza, the Kerem Shalom Crossing for cargo and the Erez Crossing for people.

“Before things were restricted, now they are blocked entirely,” said Tania Hary, the executive director of Gisha, an Israeli nonprofit that focuses on free movement of Palestinians in Gaza.

Humanitarian officials said that a complete blockade would create more severe suffering for Palestinian civilians in Gaza.

“Overwhelmed hospitals treating thousands of wounded will now have to do so without reliable access to electricity,” Mahmoud Shalabi, a senior program manager for Medical aid for Palestinians, a charity based in the U.K., said in an email.

Egyptian officials did not immediately say whether Israel’s announced siege of Gaza would affect their policy toward the movement of goods and people in and out of the territory.

Gaza’s border with Egypt remained open on Sunday, and truckloads of food, construction material, fuel and emergency medical supplies entered over the weekend. But Egypt also heavily controls the movement of people and goods across its border crossing, opening and closing it in response to security conditions.

Even if Egypt left its crossing open, experts said, it could not fill the gaps left by the complete closure of Israel’s crossings. In 2022, some 32 percent of goods entering Gaza came from Egypt, Gisha said in a report.

Israel has been at war with Gaza since hundreds of Hamas gunmen surged across the border from Gaza on Saturday, overrunning Israeli border towns and villages, killing civilians in their homes, massacring partygoers at an open-air music festival and taking scores of people, young and old, back to Gaza as hostages.

More than 800 Israelis have been killed so far, according to officials, at least 85 of them soldiers.

Most Jewish 18-year-olds are drafted for compulsory military service in a country of 10 million people, and many continue to volunteer for reserve duty into middle age. That means that most families would have someone, or know someone, taking part in the war.

Yaacov Ben Yaacov, 57, a tech entrepreneur, knows many. His three sons, two nephews and a son-in-law are all in uniform now. The youngest son, 20, is performing his obligatory service and his older brothers, in their late 20s, have been called up for reserve duty. One son is a medic in a combat unit and two are in commando units.

One nephew, also in his late 20s, came back early on Monday from a trip to the United States to report for duty and was on his way down south, Mr. Ben Yaacov said.

“As they say, it hits close to home,” he said.

Still, he said it was good to have a country with an army that can protect its people “and not go into gas chambers,” referring to the Jews during the Holocaust.

“So with all the hardship and emotional stress, we have no alternative,” he said. “The alternative is to have more of what happened on Saturday. To tell you as a father or grandfather am I happy to see my kids in harm’s way? No, but we have no choice.”

Nasser Kanaani, a spokesman for Iran’s foreign ministry, on Monday denied Tehran’s involvement in the attack, according to the IRNA state news agency, calling it a “political attempt to justify support for Israel.”

But Iranian backing, logistics and funding have been critical to both Hamas and Islamic Jihad for years, analysts said.

Hamas has publicly acknowledged receiving support from Iran. On Sunday, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi spoke with both the Palestinian Islamic Jihad leader Ziyad al-Nakhalah and the Hamas chief Ismail Haniyeh.

Top Iranian officials — like Esmail Qaani, a senior commander in the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps — have occasionally met with senior officials of the three organizations. Senior Hamas and Islamic Jihad officials regularly travel to Tehran to consult with the leadership.

Islamic Jihad is a relatively small organization with limited capabilities in Gaza, and some analysts say the group is almost entirely dependent on Tehran’s backing. Hezbollah is a Lebanese political movement, but also an Iranian-backed militant group.

Hamas is also a popular Palestinian movement and the de facto ruler of the Gaza Strip. But there are sharp divisions within the Hamas leadership over how closely to dive into Iran’s orbit, with other factions in the movement backing closer ties with the Sunni Gulf states.

U.S. officials have said they have yet to see clear evidence of direct Iranian coordination. In an interview with CNN, Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken noted the “long relationship between Iran and Hamas.”

“In this specific instance, we have not yet seen evidence that Iran directed or was behind this particular attack,” Mr. Blinken said.

For Iran, its alliance with Hamas is a key point of leverage. Tehran, according to current and former officials, wants to derail the emerging peace between Saudi Arabia and Israel. Any war between Israel and Hamas that causes significant civilian casualties on both sides would make any such public truce incredibly difficult.

As the death toll on the Israeli side rose to over 700, many in the country were describing the events that unfolded on Saturday as their country’s 9/11, or Pearl Harbor. It was a day of dark records: the worst attack on civilians in Israeli history and the deadliest single day in the country’s 75-year history.

Politicians and military officials have tried to deflect the tough questions — how they could have been caught so off-guard and unprepared, why families under siege were left to fend for themselves for hours, why official information about hostages has been elusive — saying that now is the time to focus on fighting back.

But flashes of anger are visible among some Israelis over the absence of the state. And the widespread feeling of shock among Israelis over the obvious intelligence failure was compounding the fear of what might yet be to come. Israeli officials have said the country is at war with Gaza — launching punishing airstrikes on the blockaded enclave — and on Monday battles against Hamas fighters in border towns were still underway.

As sirens wailed to warn of incoming rockets on Monday afternoon, mourners at the funeral in Jerusalem of Netanel Young, a soldier who was killed on Saturday hit the ground or ran for cover.

Thousands of Israelis have channeled their nervous energy into initiatives to help the war effort. Food and clothing collections have been organized for soldiers and for survivors evacuated from their communities along the Gaza border to hotels and hostels around the country. Mothers have been donating breast milk to feed the baby of a mother whose whereabouts is unknown.

Shay Lee Atari cradled her own infant as she spoke to Israeli television from her hospital bed, describing how her partner had helped her and their daughter escape when gunmen tried to enter their home in the small village of Kfar Aza.

She said she had found shelter in a neighbor’s safe room and waited for 27 hours without food for the baby until they were rescued. Ms. Atari said her partner, Yahav Wiener, is now missing.

“I really don’t know where our state was,” she said.

“They abandoned us. They were on Twitter,” she added bitterly.

The statement, which said it would conduct the review “as soon as possible” and would coordinate with member states, was aimed at clarifying the E.U.’s complicated and muddled response to the Palestinian attacks. The European Union provides financial aid to the Palestinian Authority and organizations that offer vital services to civilians. Any long-term freeze on assistance could have significant consequences for civilians affected by the latest violence.

Precisely which E.U.-funded programs would be put under review was not immediately clear.

E.U. foreign ministers will hold an emergency meeting on the conflict on Tuesday and are set to discuss aid, diplomats said. Long-term, permanent cuts to E.U. assistance would not be decided by the European Commission, but rather by the E.U.’s member governments. Any such moves would most likely be met with resistance by several member nations that have long called for preserving humanitarian aid to the Palestinian people.

The European Union’s budgeted support to the Palestinians for 2021 to 2024 is 1.18 billion euros, or $1.24 billion. The bloc provides two types of assistance: development aid, which is usually longer-term investment in projects, and humanitarian aid, which normally provides relief to people affected by conflict or natural disasters.

According to the European Commission, more than 80 percent of the population in Gaza depends on humanitarian assistance.

Austria and Germany said on Monday that they were suspending aid worth tens of millions of euros while the programs were under review. On top of the joint support, countries in the bloc individually provide financial support to Palestinians, and the decision on whether to freeze that assistance rests with those governments.

The European Commission stressed that its aid to Palestinians was for civilian humanitarian needs and in no way supported Hamas, the Palestinian militant group that controls Gaza and mounted the attack on Israel on Saturday.

“It’s very clear that the European Union does not fund Hamas or any other terrorist organizations’ activities,” Ana Pisonero, a spokeswoman for the European Commission, said at a news conference Monday.

Some E.U. leaders stressed the need to distinguish between Hamas and Palestinian civilians when deciding on the future of aid to the population.

“I think we really have to make the distinction between Hamas, the terrorist organization, and very innocent Palestinians who are just as likely to be victims right now, and again, in the case of Gaza, have been for 16 years,” Prime Minister Mark Rutte of the Netherlands told reporters.Gaza has been under an Israeli blockade, backed by Egypt, for at least 16 years, since Hamas seized control of the coastal strip in 2007. The blockade restricts the import of goods, including electronics and computer equipment, that could be used to make weapons, and prevents most people from leaving the enclave.

Germany’s development minister, Svenja Schulze, said on Sunday that the country had started reviewing its support to Palestinians.

“We have already paid strict attention to ensuring that our support for the people in the Palestinian territories serves peace and not terrorists,” Ms. Schulze said. “But these attacks on Israel are a terrible turning point.”

Emma Bubola contributed reporting from London.

The strike transformed a central shopping and transportation district in northern Gaza’s Jabalia refugee camp into a scene of unrecognizable devastation. Videos shared on social media and distributed by Palestinian news agencies show bodies strewn amid the detritus of what moments earlier had been a busy market selling produce and other goods.

Broken concrete and twisted metal from the surrounding buildings filled the square, where people rushed through the rubble and clouds of smoke searching for survivors. As a fire burned on the edge of the square, a policeman, bloodied and covered in dust, sat off to its side.

“Is he dead? Is he dead?” a man was heard yelling in one video.

The strike came as part of Israel’s response to Saturday’s attack, when hundreds of Palestinian fighters swept across Israel’s border with the Gaza Strip, killing civilians and soldiers in shooting sprees, and firing thousands of rockets toward the center of the country. The fighters say they are holding 150 hostages, civilians and soldiers. More than 700 people have been killed in Israel and nearly 2,400 injured.

Amid widespread fear in Gaza about the Israeli response, many people fleeing other parts of the blockaded enclave had come to seek shelter in central Jabalia, where shops and homes surround the market area. Monday’s strike hit as vendors and customers packed the marketplace, stocking up on food and produce.

Sixty people died in the strike, according to a paramedic with the Red Crescent who requested anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to the press. There was no immediate confirmation from the Gazan Health Ministry.

Israeli airstrikes began pounding the Gaza Strip on Saturday. Since then, at least 560 Palestinians have been killed, the Gazan Health Ministry said on Monday, and nearly 3,000 others wounded. The casualties included 78 children and 41 women, the ministry said, in some cases entire families. It was not clear how many of the other casualties were fighters, whether involved in the attack on Israel, or from the Israeli airstrikes.

“The Israelis have lost their minds,” said Raji Sourani, a lawyer with the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights in Gaza, adding: “They are annihilating entire families.”

Israel says its strikes are targeting centers of operations of Hamas, the armed group that controls Gaza. It has confirmed hitting several mosques, saying it was targeting Hamas infrastructure or militants inside the buildings. The United Nations and Palestinian officials have said that at least two hospitals and multiple homes also have been hit, and many Gazans say they have nowhere to go to escape the onslaught of Israeli strikes.

Israel’s defense minister on Monday announced a “complete siege” of Gaza, saying “no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel” would be allowed in. The enclave has already been under a suffocating 16-year blockade by Israel and Egypt, which limits what comes into Gaza and prevents most people from leaving.

Strikes hit four mosques in the Shati refugee camp on Monday, toppling their domes in attacks that the Gazan authorities said had killed people worshiping inside. Witnesses said boys had been playing soccer outside the mosque when the strike hit.

On Monday afternoon, neighbors were combing the rubble of the mosque, which was nearly unrecognizable as a place of worship.

Sumaya Ghabin, 30, was shaken awake at around 6 a.m. by the boom of an Israeli strike hitting the Gharbia Mosque, which is about two blocks away from her home and also near the Sousi Mosque.

“We woke up and find the house all dust and shrapnel,” she said. The windows had been blown out, she added, and her 10-year-old daughter was hiding under the covers screaming.

Mr. Xi’s amicable tone is likely to increase expectations that he will attend the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation gathering in San Francisco in November and meet with President Biden. Doing so would cap a tumultuous year for U.S.-China relations that reached a low in February after the discovery of a Chinese surveillance balloon over the United States.

Still, the specter of a growing conflict between Israelis and Palestinians could complicate any bid to improve ties between Beijing and Washington.

Mr. Schumer, who is in China leading a bipartisan congressional delegation, told Mr. Xi that he was “disappointed” by China’s lack of sympathy for Israel in its official response to the attack by Hamas, the Palestinian militant group that controls the Gaza Strip, on Israel.

“I urge you and the Chinese people to stand with the Israeli people and condemn the cowardly and vicious attacks,” Mr. Schumer told Mr. Xi.

Mr. Schumer said during a news conference after the meeting with Mr. Xi that he had requested that “China use its influence in Iran to not allow the conflagration to spread.”

“They have influence with Iran in many different ways, and we asked them to do everything they could to not have Iran spread this conflagration through themselves and through Hezbollah,” he said, referring to the Lebanese militant group backed by Tehran.

Asked how the Chinese side responded, Mr. Schumer said, “They said they would deliver the message.”

China has refrained from condemning Hamas for the attacks, opting instead to continue casting itself as a neutral party in the long-running conflict.

“China is a common friend of both Israel and Palestine,” Mao Ning, a spokeswoman for the Foreign Ministry in Beijing, said at a regular news briefing on Monday.

An editorial published on Monday in the Global Times, which is affiliated with a mouthpiece of the Chinese Communist Party, blamed Western countries for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in an effort it said was led by the United States. It also warned that taking sides on the issue now would only add “fuel to the fire.”

China will most likely face growing pressure to support Israel — not unlike the calls that Beijing is facing to push Russia to end its fighting in Ukraine.

Yuval Waks, a senior official at the Israeli Embassy in Beijing, said on Sunday that he expected “stronger condemnation” of Hamas from China.

Tuvia Gering, an expert on Chinese foreign policy at the Diane and Guilford Glazer Center at the Institute for National Security Studies in Israel, said on X, the social media platform formerly known as Twitter, that “China’s moral compass” was “broken.”

“As the Jewish Talmud says, silence is acquiescence,” Mr. Gering wrote on Monday.

While China and Israel maintain robust trade and investment ties, particularly as it relates to technology and infrastructure, their relationship is ultimately restrained by Israel’s deep alignment with the United States and China’s friendship with Iran.

China has a strategic interest in trying to be friends with all governments in the region; it garners much of its oil imports from the Middle East and considers it a key node along its Belt and Road trade network.

As the United States has drawn down its presence in the region, Mr. Xi has even tried to enhance his clout in the Middle East by helping restore diplomatic ties between Saudi Arabia and Iran, two archrivals, in March. The next month, China offered to mediate Israeli-Palestinian peace talks.

Though those talks never gained momentum, experts say China could still contribute in a constructive way by offering to mediate the release of civilian hostages held by Hamas. One of those hostages is believed to be a woman of Chinese descent who was abducted Saturday by militants at a music festival, the embassy said on the Chinese platform Weibo on Sunday.

“China has an opportunity to showcase its leadership and mediation prowess in a more substantial way,” said Gedaliah Afterman, the head of the Asia Policy Program at the Abba Eban Institute for Diplomacy and Foreign Relations at Reichman University in Israel.

“Successfully doing so,” he added, “would not only mitigate regional tensions but also solidify China’s reputation as a key player in fostering de-escalation and sustaining regional stability.”

Reporting was contributed by Olivia Wang, Zixu Wang, Keith Bradsher and Alexandra Stevenson.

Mr. Zelensky said that Hamas and Moscow were “the same evil, and the only difference is that there is a terrorist organization that attacked Israel, and here is a terrorist state that attacked Ukraine.”

“If the world unites whenever someone takes women hostage and condemns the children of another nation, terror will have no allies,” he said in a speech delivered by video link to a meeting in Copenhagen of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.

“The intentions declared are different, but the essence is the same. You see it in the same blood on the streets,” he said. His discourse was consistent with a wider aim, pursued by Mr. Zelensky since Moscow launched its full scale invasion, of setting Ukraine’s struggle in the context of global struggles for freedom and independence.

Mr. Zelensky compared the killings of civilians in Israel in recent days to those in the city of Bucha, northwest of Kyiv, in the early weeks of Russia’s invasion last year. Hundreds of Ukrainians were tortured or murdered in a series of atrocities being investigated for war crimes.

In an impassioned speech to the NATO assembly, Mr. Zelensky also singled out Iran for its sale to Moscow of exploding drones, hundreds of which have been launched at Ukraine on the battlefield and in civilian areas. He noted that Iranian officials had also expressed support for Hamas.

In addition to its commitment to supply Moscow with exploding drones, Iran has also arranged to produce them at a factory in Russia, Britain’s defense ministry said in an intelligence report on Monday.

The war in Israel comes more than four months into a counteroffensive by Ukrainian forces that aims to regain territory in the east and south of the country. The assault has yet to achieve a decisive breakthrough and this has made it all the more important for Kyiv to shore up support among its allies in NATO amid signs that some have wavered. Analysts have argued that visible success on the battlefield would make it easier for Ukraine to sustain its international network of support.

President Biden said last week that he was confident that Congress would approve military and humanitarian assistance for Ukraine “for as long as it takes” despite of opposition among some Republicans. His comments were an attempt to reassure Ukraine’s allies after the House passed a stopgap spending bill that did not include any additional money for Kyiv.

At the same time, voters in Slovakia, an eastern European state with historical ties to Moscow, elected a party led by Robert Fico, a former prime minister, who had taken a pro-Russian stance during the campaign. Ukraine’s counteroffensive has focused on regaining land in the south and around the eastern city of Bakhmut, which fell to Russian forces in May. But it has also been forced to defend against an attempt by Moscow to advance near the small city of Kupiansk in the northeast.

Russian troops have also raised their pressure on Marinka, a small city in Donetsk region where artillery duels have raged since the earliest days of the full scale invasion. Marinka also saw fierce fighting after Moscow sent troops to Ukraine in 2014.

A Ukrainian soldier, Lt. Ihor Skliar, gave an insight into the latest battle when he spoke on national television on Monday. Russia has been “constantly storming the positions” of the city’s defenders, he said, describing the city as “virtually destroyed.”

“The positions of the Ukrainian armed forces are mountains of construction debris,” he said. “The number of artillery attacks and the use of kamikaze drones by the enemy has increased,” he said, adding that the defense was holding.

In tandem with fighting on the front lines, Russian forces have kept up a daily barrage of missile, drone and artillery strikes against Ukraine. In recent weeks, that has included a renewed assault on the country’s energy infrastructure, a strategy that Russia employed to devastating effect last winter.

On the battlefield, Russian troops fired on eight of Ukraine’s regions over the past 24 hours, according to Ukraine’s Ministry of Defense, targeting dozens of villages. One woman was killed in the northeastern region of Kharkiv, local authorities said.

In Kherson region in the south, the site of some of the most fearsome attacks, one person was killed and 18 others were wounded including two children, according to the head of the regional military administration, Oleksandr Prokudin.

It is not the first time that unrest has caused the suspension of operations; during fighting in 2021, the Israeli government instructed Chevron to shut down Tamar.

“Our top priority is the safety of our personnel, the communities in which we operate, the environment and our facilities,” the company said Monday.

It said natural gas customers would continue to be served by another Chevron gas platform, known as Leviathan.

Natural gas fields off the Israeli coast provide fuel to generate about 70 percent of the country’s electric power.

Chevron has been working on plans to expand production at the Tamar and Leviathan natural gas fields, and to add pipelines to increase gas flows from Israel to Egypt, which indirectly exports Israeli output in the form of liquefied natural gas from facilities on the Mediterranean coast.

The fierce fighting could slow the pace of energy investment in the region, just as the eastern Mediterranean’s prospects as an energy center have gained momentum. Israel used to be one of the few countries in the Middle East without significant discovered petroleum resources. Now, natural gas has become a mainstay of its economy, cutting dependence on imported coal.

He did not condemn the attack by Hamas or offer condolences to the victims, even though the Kremlin often made statements of condolence after attacks in Israel in years past. Mr. Peskov said that Mr. Putin did not have immediate plans to speak to Israeli or Palestinian leaders — a striking departure from past Middle East crises in which Mr. Putin cast himself as a regional power broker.

The Kremlin’s distant stance appears to reflect the geopolitical shifts amid Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, a war that has brought Russia closer to Iran, a key backer of Hamas. Iran has emerged as crucial to Russia’s war effort by providing armed drones and support in evading international sanctions.

Russian officials have also voiced anger at Israel and at Jewish organizations for not supporting Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, citing Mr. Putin’s false narrative that Ukraine is run by Nazis. That frustration also represents a shift for Mr. Putin, who long promoted Jewish life in Russia and closer ties to Israel, and built a close relationship with Israel’s prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu.

“She told me, ‘There are terrorists inside the house,’” Mr. Asher said in an interview.

Then came worse news: Ms. Asher Katz’s mother’s life partner, Gadi Moses, had left the safe room to reason with the intruders.

“She said they left — and they took him with them,” Mr. Asher said.

Mr. Asher, 37, hoped that his spouse and children were safe, at least. But then the phone lines went dead.

It was the last time Mr. Asher heard from his wife.

Tracking her phone remotely, he saw that the device was taken on Saturday to Khan Younis, a city in southern Gaza, suggesting that she, too, had been kidnapped.

Then a video circulated on social media of abducted Israelis being driven through the territory, bundled into the back of a pickup truck. In the video, a gunman attempts to spread a kind of blindfold over a woman’s head.

Mr. Asher recognized the woman. It was Doron.

He said his daughters, Raz and Aviv, 5 and 3, and his mother-in-law, Efrat Katz, 67, were squashed alongside her.

They are now among an estimated 150 hostages inside Gaza, according to the Israeli authorities, most of them captured from small Israeli border towns on Saturday morning.

His family intended to return home to central Israel on Saturday evening, after a short visit to their grandmother’s village. Instead, it isn’t clear when, or if, he’ll see them again.

“I can’t sleep — I’m living outside my own body,” Mr. Asher said.

“I have two little babies, two little girls,” he added. “These little babies should not be held or kept by terrorists.”