But according to Timo Koster, a former director of defense policy at NATO who was in the room, it was Rutte, the prime minister of the Netherlands, who “rescued” the situation, assuring the U.S. president that spending had gone up — and, more importantly, it was Trump who deserved the credit.
As far as facts go, that was at best a debatable claim. Spending among NATO allies in allies has crept up since the Obama administration. But the argument seemed to hit its mark. By the time Trump addressed the press later that day, he was ebullient, citing “a very amazing two-day period in Brussels” during which he had achieved “tremendous progress.”
“The pin was back in the hand grenade,” said Koster.
Today, it looks likely Rutte’s whispering skills will be put to the test once again. The Dutch leader is the far-away favorite to replace Stoltenberg as the alliance’s secretary general when his term ends in October.
Meanwhile, Trump is romping his way to securing the Republican nomination for president, giving him a solid chance to depose President Joe Biden in November. And he’s already threatening to leave America’s allies in the lurch, going as far as to say he’d “encourage” Russia to attack NATO countries that don’t meet their financial obligations.
“Amongst Western European leaders, Rutte … acknowledged the radical shift in European security,” said former NATO Assistant Secretary General Camille Grand, now a fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations. “As one of the longest serving prime ministers in Europe, Rutte experienced the rise and fall of Trump 1 and is well placed to handle a possible Trump 2.”
Goldilocks candidate
The process of picking a NATO secretary general makes the election of a new pope seem like the epitome of transparency. But it is generally understood to be dictated by two rules: First, the decision must be unanimous among the alliance’s 31 members. Second, it’s the U.S. that ultimately calls the shot.
A number of other names have also whirled around the sorting hat — including Estonian Prime Minister Kaja Kallas, Latvian Foreign Minister Krišjānis Kariņš and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen (until she announced her desire for a second term at her current job). But Rutte is by far the top contender.
Two senior officials told POLITICO this week that Rutte had secured the support of two-thirds of NATO countries. A U.S. official said Joe Biden was among them. Germany, France and the United Kingdom have also declared their support.
The 1.94-meter (6-foot-4-inch) Dutchman is seen by many at the alliance as the Goldilocks candidate: Cool, charming, a skilled dealmaker, his country is neither too big nor too small. On Russia, he’s neither too soft nor too hawkish.
At home, he’s coming to the end of 13 years in power — making him the longest-serving prime minister in Dutch history and the second-longest sitting leader in Europe after Hungary’s Viktor Orbán. At the same time, though he’s known in the Netherlands as the “Houdini prime minister” for his ability to pull himself out of political peril, he seems to be finally running out of rope. He stepped down last year ahead of an election in which the far-right politician Geert Wilders took first place.
Rutte’s time in power has given him face time with both likely contenders for the White House. Dutch media have reported that both Trump and Biden have in the past gauged his interest in the post.
The most recent occasion was in January 2023 during a one-on-one visit with Biden in Washington, in which the U.S. president granted Rutte the rare honor of sitting behind his desk in the Oval Office. A photo of the occasion captured Rutte — in a display of Dutch spontaneity — picking up the president’s phone to Biden’s apparent bemusement.
Biden, according to a U.S. official, found Rutte “passionate” and a “good communicator”, who as leader of a small country has come up with “innovative” ways to shore up the alliance.
Former NATO spokesperson Oana Lungescu confirmed that the U.S. “twice asked Rutte” if he was interested in the job. Rutte was not available at the time due to the domestic situation in The Netherlands, added Lungescu, now with the London-based Royal United Services Institute.
Lodewijk Dekker, a longtime friend of Rutte’s, confirmed that Rutte seriously considered the NATO job around that time, but was held back by two reservations. The first was that he would have to step down as prime minister and leave behind, in his own eyes, a job unfinished. The second was that he would have to uproot his regimented life in the Hague, where he was born, raised and spent his political career.
The first obstacle fell away last summer after Rutte’s People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) forced a government collapse over asylum policy, and he unexpectedly stepped down. At first, Rutte dismissed speculation about his future, insisting he “wasn’t in the running,” when asked about replacing Stoltenberg at a July summit in Lithuania.
By fall, he had become less coy, telling Dutch radio that in light of the war in Ukraine, it made sense for him to “do something international.” But when he was asked about the NATO job, he once again played down his prospects, saying “the chance was very high” that it would go to a woman.
“No, it’s not positive,” Rutte interjected, deploying one of his trademark political weapons: a broad smile. “We have to work something out!”
He later was overheard by journalists telling Trump: “Your desk is tiny!” to which the U.S. president responded: “I know,” later adding: “I like this guy!”
“He can deliver a message that’s as tough as nails but with a velvet smile,” said Elias, the former lawmaker.
Most of the time, however, Rutte chose the path of non-collision. “He made it a point of pride to have a normal relationship with Trump even though in the Netherlands at the time he was seen as the devil himself,” said Elias.
During a visit to Washington in 2019, Trump said the two of them had become “friends.” Rutte nodded in agreement, responding: “Certainly.”
The only time Rutte let his guard slip was in 2021, when — presumably assuming Trump had been relegated to the dustbin of history — he told journalists that working with Biden was “more natural.”
That family history, which at home was rarely discussed, and his older brother’s death from AIDS in the 1980s seem to have instilled in Rutte a dislike of any lingering on the negative. “He is always rushing forwards, and is not someone for contemplation or soul-searching,” said a person in the Hague who worked closely with Rutte for years and was granted anonymity to speak freely.
In any event, his upbringing seems to have left him uninterested in material possessions. He has spent his time as prime minister living in an apartment in the Hague. For years, he used an old Nokia phone. He drives an old Saab or rides his bike, famously cycling to the royal palace to be sworn in.
When he first became prime minister in 2010, his justice minister tried to convince him to accept a security detail, said Dekker, his longtime friend. Rutte refused — only reconsidering in September 2021 following two high-profile assassinations in the country.
Elias, the former lawmaker, described Rutte arriving for dinner at his house by bike in the summer of 2022, a time when sometimes violent farmer protests were sending shivers across the political class. “I told him: ‘Cut it out!’” said Elias. “But he just answered, ‘It’s fine’ and continued cycling around with a beanie on.”
According to his own account, Rutte’s mother was thoroughly unimpressed by her son’s political career. Until her death in 2020, during the pandemic, he did her weekly shopping. He continues to teach at a local school every Thursday morning — no matter what else is going on in the world.
Rutte’s routine hasn’t changed for the better part of a decade. He sips his weekend cappuccino at the same café, visits the same hairdresser, eats at the same handful of restaurants and tends to order the same meal. “We joke that you can’t take Mark to the same place more than once because if you do, you’re stuck to it to life!” said Dekker.
He has had no serious relationships to speak of and only a select few make it beyond his front door. More than a decade of public scrutiny has unearthed not a single out-of-control dance party. Visited in the Hague by Emmanuel Macron, he invited him to his favorite Indonesian restaurant, treating the French president to a €32.50 rijsttafel, a tapas-like meal of small dishes.
Every year, Rutte goes on the same holidays with the same group of friends: once to go skiing in the Swiss Alps in February and once in the spring to New York (preferably on a flight arriving in the afternoon), where he walks the same 20-kilometer route around the city.
When he visits Brussels, Rutte doesn’t just stay in the same hotel but also in the same room, an EU diplomat who works closely with him told POLITICO. He reportedly even buys his paper from the same homeless person.
“In Bach [piano music], the left hand gives you structure, and the right plays the melody,” Rutte, а passionate music lover, told the Dutch radio presenter who asked him about his NATO ambitions, referring to his dedication to routine.
“It appears to give him the mental space to deal with chaos,” the EU diplomat said.
Teflon Mark
Like any long-serving political leader, Rutte’s time in office has been marked by crisis and scandal, but each one of them has seen him dancing away unscathed. “He’s like an ibex that manages to make his way over a steep peak by finding a trail that’s invisible to others,” said Kolks. Rutte’s political bible, famously, is “The Years of Lyndon Johnson,” a four-part series by the American writer Robert Caro that’s both a biography of the former U.S. president and a study of the exercise of power.
One of the first things Rutte did as the leader of the VVD was to expel his more popular rival and critic Rita Verdonk, plunging his party into crisis, and barely holding on. In the years since, allies and opponents have risen and fallen. At one point, his entire government resigned over a scandal in which the Dutch tax service profiled thousands of families based on their ethnic origin or nationality and wrongly accused them of tampering with child benefits. But Rutte has always emerged standing.
“My entire political career has been a string of miscalculations,” he told parliament in 2018, facing a barrage of critique for keeping silent that a close ally of his, then-foreign minister Halbe Zijlstra, had lied about meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin. Zijlstra resigned. Rutte easily survived a subsequent vote of confidence.
“He doesn’t make himself a problem owner,” said the person in the Hague who worked closely with Rutte. “He’s happy to think along and accompany someone [in trouble] to the threshold of the door, but not beyond it.”
On the European stage, Rutte has emerged as a key dealmaker, working with Merkel to broker a deal with Turkey to help stem the flow of migrants and working with a group of like-minded smaller countries to oppose extra spending by Brussels. More recently, in July he traveled to Tunisia alongside von der Leyen and Italy’s Giorgia Meloni to secure another migration deal.
Though he is usually genial, he has been known to plant the occasional bomb, showing up for instance to a 2020 European summit with a biography of Frédéric Chopin and an apple to show he was ready to sit through a long meeting to cement his opposition to a proposed budget. The episode reportedly earned him a scolding from Merkel for “childish behavior.”
Those close to Rutte say he was shocked by the United Kingdom’s decision to leave the EU, but on a personal level, the real mark on him was left by the downing of MH17, a commercial airliner, over eastern Ukraine in 2014 in an area controlled by Russian separatists. The crash killed all 298 people on board, most of whom were Dutch citizens flying to Malaysia.
Ben Verwaayen, Rutte’s political godfather, saw him field the phone call in which he was given the news. “It was really, really intense,” he said. Until then, by Rutte’s own account, the Dutch leader had had a “good” relationship with Putin. MH17, said Verwaayen, produced a “rift.” For the first time, the easygoing Rutte had an issue “that could not be bargained over.”
For days, he badgered the Russian president to allow for the bodies to be retrieved. “You’re the one who has to do it now!” he supposedly told him in one of the conversations. In a later interview, Rutte said the only moment he ever cried during his years as prime minister was when he received the news that a train carrying the bodies had set off to Kharkiv.
Rutte didn’t let go. In October, several months later, he said he cornered Putin on the sidelines of an international summit in Milan reminding him of “the almost sacred obligation of a country to bring everyone back.” “I remain furious. And told him that,” Rutte recounted at the time. Even now, almost ten years later, said Verwaayen, MH17 is “still a subject that gets to him.”
The episode has left Rutte with the reputation of someone who — while less hawkish than some of the leaders whose countries border Russia — won’t be intimidated by Putin and other authoritarian leaders.
“If Putin showed up with a dog,” said Kolks, referring to the time the Russian president brought a large labrador to a meeting with Merkel, “even if he were scared, Rutte’s reaction would be to stroke it and say: Cute! What’s its name?”
Since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the Netherlands has positioned itself among Ukraine’s staunches allies, providing Leopard 2 tanks and F-16 fighter jets — earning Rutte the endorsement of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who threw his weight behind the Dutch leader at the Munich Security Conference, saying: “I know him, he will save the unity of NATO.”
Campaign trail
Before Rutte can test his Trump-charming skills, he’ll first have actually get the job.
Addressing reporters earlier this month, U.S. Ambassador to NATO Julianne Smith confirmed the alliance’s ambition to name a successor to Stoltenberg by spring— or at the very latest before it celebrates its 75th anniversary in Washington in July.
Asked about Rutte, she said he was “one person that the alliance is looking at.” While that might not sound like a ringing endorsement, the mere mention of his name from the biggest power in the alliance suggests he is the favorite to win.
A senior European official said Washington has been putting pressure on Rutte not to just take the top job for granted and to make his case to eastern flank countries sharing a border with Russia, which are eager to see what his actual strategy is.
“At least somebody has to ask, ‘OK, Mark, how are you going to deal with Russia?’” an Eastern European official said. Another diplomat from the region described Rutte as “taking the top job for granted” thanks to “the clear support from Washington.”
At home in the Netherlands, critics already suspect him of using Dutch foreign policy to boost his chances at the job. In December, after more than a decade of resistance, the Netherlands suddenly dropped its reservations about allowing Bulgaria and Romania, both NATO members, into the EU’s free-movement Schengen zone.
Dutch support of Israel and participation in anti-Houthi strikes in Yemen have also been denounced by some as a transparent attempt by Rutte to score points with Washington.
Yet, despite the dominance of the U.S., the appointment will need the sign-off of all its members. There are two — Turkey and Hungary — who have shown a willingness to throw spanners in the alliance’s works, or at least try to use important decisions as leverage.
A senior European official told POLITICO that Rutte had been trying to secure a meeting with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan — so far without success. According to European diplomats, Turkey wants assurances that Rutte will follow in the footsteps of Stoltenberg, who comes from non-EU Norway, and not favor EU members within the alliance.
Hungarian president Viktor Orbán, one person Rutte has failed to charm, could prove more difficult to please. The two leaders have clashed in the past over rule-of-law violations and LGBTQ rights in Hungary, with Orbán accusing “the Dutch guy” of “hating” him and his country, and Rutte daring the Hungarian strongman to leave the EU.
Other factors could work against Rutte. As he has suggested, there is a broad consensus that the time has come for a woman in the post. He would also be NATO’s fourth Dutch secretary general. With the most recent, Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, serving until 2009, some might argue it’s not yet time for another one.
And then there’s Trump’s favorite subject: defense spending. Rutte’s transformation into a military cheerleader will raise eyebrows in the Dutch army establishment, which for years has tried to convince him of a need for more resources. Instead, defense spending reached a decades-long low of 1.1 percent in 2015. Rutte’s long tenure means he has nobody else to blame.
Opposition is also mounting from those who think it’s time to give the job to one of the countries bordering Russia. Estonia’s Prime Minister Kallas, who wanted the NATO top job herself, criticized him for being frugal on defense. “Our fear is that he was prime minister for a long time, and the Netherlands has not lived up to this commitment of 2 percent of GDP in defense,” she told French media, lamenting that top jobs in Europe were “still reserved for a small number of countries.” On Thursday, Romania’s Klaus Iohannis threw his hat into the ring, notifying allies he’d challenge Rutte for the top job.
Finally, there’s the question of Rutte himself. Will he really be able to adjust to life in Brussels? “There’s zero doubt that the Hague will remain the epicenter of his life,” said Dekker.
“He’s absolutely not moving from his apartment to live in that NATO house,” said Elias.
Kolks suggested he might “pull a von der Leyen” — the German Commission president who lives on the top floor of her Brussels office — dividing his time between Brussels and his hometown, a two-hour train ride away.
It’s unlikely however that Rutte would enjoy the freedom he did as prime minister if he were to become the head of the world’s biggest military alliance. NATO’s official residence in Brussels is located in a gated street with heavy security.
“I don’t think there’s a lot of space to scrap those requirements just because Rutte likes being informal or says: I’ll just come by bike,” said Koster, the former director of defense policy. “If he continues to go to the same vacation spots, I suspect next time the bodyguards will go with him.”